The book must include as much of this subjects
- Nucleic acids: composition, structure, properties, and functions of DNA and RNA.
- Proteins: composition, structure, properties, and functions. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of protein molecules.
- Viruses.
- Prokaryotic cells.
- Structure of the cell membrane. Transport of substances across the cell membrane: diffusion, osmosis, passive transport, active transport.
- Membrane organelles: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes. Secretion, phagocytosis, pinocytosis. Mitochondria. Chloroplasts.
- Glycolysis. Krebs cycle.
- Energy sources in the cell. Role of ATP. Electron-transport chains and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Cell nucleus. Structure of chromosomes. Karyotype.
- DNA replication.
- Transcription.
- Ribosomes and translation.
- Monohybrid and dihybrid cross. Mendel’s laws.
- Chromosomal sex determination. Sex-linked inheritance.
- Linked genes and crossing over.
- Gene and chromosomal mutations.
- Cell cycle. Mitosis.
- Meiosis.
- Gametogenesis.
- Fertilization.
- Embryonic development of animals and humans.
- Innate and adaptive immunity.
- Evidence for evolution.
- Modern concept of evolution.
by No_Resolution4366